News & Views - The TMI-BITS DLC Newsletter

September 2005 Issue 04/2005

From the Desk of the Course Co-ordinator

In order to reduce the workload of working out the tasks in the modules and to encourage completion of CRB tasks on board itself in respect of students presently studying in SEM A, B & C of the programme , we have made certain changes in the submission patterns that was followed hereto. The changes effected are as follows:

• All students collecting the Semester A, B & C courseware on or after 1 st October 2005, shall be issued with a revised courseware for Navigation, Cargo Handling and Stowage and Controlling the Operations of the Ship.
• Modules in the revised courseware have been arranged to bring modules dealing with similar topics together. The main intention of this exercise is to give the students “Assignments” that are based on each group of topics, and only these assignments shall now be written in the Technical Journals. This arrangement shall reduce the courseware load and allow students to pay more attention to completion of CRB tasks.
• Assignments refer to the modules generally but require the student to have an understanding of the topic and more importantly to write his own viewpoint or interpretation. This also means that the student should study all the modules in that month before attempting the assignments
• All students already studying with the existing courseware in any of the Semesters shall continue with the existing task system except that they shall answer only one of the tasks for each module from the date they receive these instructions.
• As indicated earlier the main intention of this change is to reduce courseware load and completion of CRB tasks in time. It therefore follows that students should complete the CRB tasks as per planner.
• The “tasks” at the end of each module have been retained as “self assessment questions”. These are not to be written in the Journals, but are important to the students for their own assessment and will form the basis for the tests in each semester.
• Merchant Shipping courseware remains the same, however, only one tasks shall be answered in the journal for each module.
• It is hoped that these new assignments will give a broader outlook on the topics covered and at the same time decrease the workload on the student. At the same time, it must be emphasised that the self - assessment questions (which are not to be answered in the Journals) must not be neglected from the viewpoint of preparation for not only the semester tests, but also the competency examinations.
  • Submissions of the journal through CTO.
  • Completion of Tests.
  • Completion of CRB tasks as per planner and recording the process in the Journal.
  • Completion of the Semester assignments as specified in the courseware.
  • Writing the daily work done in the journal.

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EXAMPLE OF ASSIGNMENTS TO BE DONE FOR CARGO HANDLING AND STOWAGE:

Remember:

• Above assignments are to be answered in the Journal.
• Self assessment questions at the end of each module are not to be written in the Journal.
• Clearly write the Assignment Number next to each assignment.

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MARPOL ANNEX VI - GENERAL REMARKS

Compiled by Jai P Minocha; Ch. Engr. FI mar E

After many years of debate and development, the international maritime organisation adopted Annex VI to the MARPOL convention in September 1997. The requirements for MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI to come into force were fulfilled on 18 May 2004. Hence, the Annex entered into force on 19 May 2005. This new Annex entitled "Regulation for Air Pollution from Ships". IMO has also adopted the "Technical Code on Control of Emission of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines"aajun nah. Normally referred as the "NOx Technical Code" or simply "The Code".

Certification
MARPOL Annex VI applies to all ships, and to fixed and floating drilling rigs and other platforms. Ships of 400 gross tonnage and above engaged in international voyages, constructed or after 19 May 2005, are required to be surveyed and issued with an IAPP (International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate) certificate on delivery of the ship. For ships of above category engaged in international voyages, constructed prior to this date, the IAPP Certificate must be issued at the first scheduled dry-docking after 19 May 2005, but no later than 19 May 2008. IAPP certificate will be valid for five year from the date of the initial survey while its continued validity will be maintained by annual, intermediate and renewal survey. The surveys follow the IMO Harmonised System of surveys and Certification (HSSC).

MARPOL Annex VI controls the following Six Sources of Air Pollution from Ships:

• E mission of Ozone Depleting substances.
• N itrogen Oxide Emission from Diesel Engines.
• S ulphur Oxide Emissions.
• E missions of Volatile Organic Compounds.
• T he incineration of Shipboard wasters.
• F uel Oil Quality.

Ozone Depleting Substances:
In order to control the Ozone layer depletion Marpol Annex VI regulate the deliberate emission of Ozone depleting substances. New installation which contains ozone-depleting substances (CFC) shall be prohibited on ships, except that new installations containing hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are permitted until 1 January 2020. No fire fighting system or other equipment such as refrigeration units to contain Halons or other ozone depleting substances. For all other systems using refrigerants should be acceptable and in compliance with the requirements. e.g. domestic refrigeration systems, air-conditioning systems, control air dryers, ice water machines etc.

NOx Technical Code:
The Code will apply to any diesel engine with a power output of 130 KW and above installed on a ship whose keel was laid on or after 1 January 2000, or any diesel engine with a power output of 130 KW and above which has undergone a major conversion on or after 1 January 2000, except those intended solely for emergency use - Emergency diesel engine, lifeboat engines etc. annex VI requires all diesel engines with a power output of more than 130 KW to be tested and issued with Engine International Air Pollution Prevention (EIAPP) certificate and an approved NOx Technical File.

The maximum NOx allowed on engines are as follows:

• 17.0 g/KWh when n is less than 130 rpm.
• 45.0 X n (-0.2) g/KWh when n is 130 or more but less than 2000 rpm.
• 9.8 g/KWh when n is 2000 rpm or more.
  Where n = rated engine speed (Crankshaft revolution per minute).

SOx Requirement;
The sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed 4.5 % m/m. on any part of the world and there should have documentary evidence to prove this.

Special Area Requirement:
In SOx Emission Control Areas (SECA) sulphur content fuel used on board not to exceed 1.5 % m/m unless exhaust gas cleaning system or equivalent used. When approaching SECA the fuel must be changed over to 1.5 % sulphur content fuel. The times and the ships positions at the start and finish of each change over to and from 1.5 % sulphur content fuel oil must be recorded in a logbook, together with details of the bunker tanks and fuel used.

The Baltic sea will be the first of this kind and will be entered into force by May 2006, followed by North sea and many sea channels are expected to be a part of SECA. The abatement technology is also approved if the SOx could be reduced to 6.0 g/KWh.

Volatile Organic compound:
A vapour emission control system is only required to be used where local regulations require the discharge of volatile organic compounds to be controlled.

The regulation shall only apply to gas carriers when the type of loading and containment systems allow safe retention of non-methane VOCs on board, or their safe return to shore.

Shipboard Incineration:
Incinerators installed on or after the 1 January 2000 are to be approved in accordance with IMO standard. The incineration of certain material that could result in toxic emission will be prohibited, this includes cargo residues from MORPOL Annex I, II and III and any related containment packing, polychlorinated biphenyl's (PCB's), garbage containing traces of heavy metals and refined petroleum products. Other aspects of incineration controls already exists in MARPOL 73/78 Annex V and associated guidelines for the implementation of that Annex.

Certificates and other documents, which are to be retained on board ships after the Annex enters into force.

• Bunker delivery notes for three years.
• EIAPP Certificate (or Statement of Compliance), Technical file and IAAP certificate.
• Record book of engine parameters.
• Operation manual for onboard direct measurement and monitoring methods.
• Operation manual for vapour collection system.
• Operation manual for shipboard incinerator.
• Log book.

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